<p>Today the visibility of women in science is far from matching the numbers of women actually engaged in scientific work. This situation is the outcome of a long history: there were indeed women engaged in science in the past, and despite their historical invisibility, historians of science have developed strategies to make them visible. Moreover, the research strategies developed to study these women of science of the past provide inspiration for endeavors to increase the visibility of women of science of the present, and to increase the number of women in science in the future.</p>