Chief Executive Officer, National Research Foundation, Prime Minister’s Office, Singapore

Minister of Higher Education, Science & Innovation, South Africa

Director-General, UNESCO

Director of the Center for Infectious Diseases-Christophe Mérieux, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo

Director for International Relations, CERN

Assistant Director-General of UNESCO for Natural Sciences

Emeritus professor, Rome University La Sapienza; Physics Nobel Prize laureate 2021

Honorary Professor, Collège de France; Nobel laureate (2012)

Director, ICTP; Assistant Director General, UNESCO